Black-chinned Sparrow, Spizella atrogularis

Black-chinned Sparrow, Spizella atrogularis. Photograph taken within a residential community in Hereford, Arizona, April 2021. Photograph and identification courtesy of Bob Behrstock, Sierra Vista, Arizona (naturewideimages.com).

Background and Identification

The Black-chinned sparrow, Spizella atrogularis, is a timid, but locally common songbird of central Mexico and the southwestern United States.  These sparrows are often heard before they are seen.  Much research was completed on this species in the early 20th century, but little is known about its current movements and breeding patterns. In Mexico, the Black-chinned Sparrow is known as Chimbito Carbonero.

Black-chinned Sparrows are small birds that are 12.5 cm (4.9 inches) to 15 cm (5.9 inches) in length and weights ranging from 9 g (0.32 oz) to 15 g (0.53 oz). Exhibiting sexual dimorphism, males often have more pronounced coloration. The Spizella family often has a small size, slender build, thin notched tail, and rounded head. Adults have a gray body with a striking black chin and throat, contrasting with their white underparts. Their upperparts are a subtle brownish-gray with streaks, and they have a distinct reddish-brown crown and a long tail.

Habitat and Geographical Range

The Black-chinned Sparrow inhabits arid and semi-arid regions, favoring scrublands, desert slopes, and chaparral environments. They are commonly found in areas with scattered shrubs, sagebrush, and low bushes, which provide both food and cover.

Black-chinned Sparrows are mostly resident birds, but some northern populations are known as altitudinal migrants,  moving to lower elevations or more sheltered conditions during harsh winters. are typically found in the southwestern United States, including California, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Texas. Their range extends into northern Mexico, where they inhabit similar arid landscapes. They are found at elevations ranging from sea level to 2,700 m (8,850 feet).

Common Misidentifications

The Black-chinned Sparrow can be confused with other sparrows that share similar habitats and geographical range. One such species is the Black-throated Sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata, which also has a black throat but differs in having a more prominent black-and-white facial pattern and a different song. Another similar species is the Brewer’s Sparrow, Spizella breweri, which lacks the black chin and throat and has a more uniformly brownish-gray appearance with a finely streaked back. Observing the distinct black chin and throat along with the reddish-brown crown can help distinguish the Black-chinned Sparrow from these other species.

Conservation Status

From a conservation perspective the Black-chinned Sparrow is currently considered to of Least Concern, with stable populations across its geographical range. However, within the continental United States, it is a Watch List Species due to degradation of breeding habitats and overall habitat fragmentation from urban developments.  Conservation efforts for the Black-chinned Sparrow focus on protecting and managing their preferred habitats. This includes maintaining and restoring arid and semi-arid ecosystems, promoting sustainable land use practices, and mitigating the impacts of urban development.