Common Tody-Flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum

Common Tody-Flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum. Photograph taken in the coastal region of Costa Rica, February 2023. Photograph courtesy of Dr. Tom Bartol, Carlsbad, California.

Background and Identification

The Common Tody-Flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum, is a member of the Tyrannidae family of passerine birds. This is the largest family of birds known, with more than four hundred species. This species is a small, brightly colored bird found in tropical and subtropical regions. In Mexico, this species is known as Espatulilla Amarillo.

Measuring about 10 cm (3.9 inches) in length, the Common Tody-Flycatcher is the average size for a member of the Tyrannidae family. It is known for its striking black head, olive-green upperparts, and bright yellow underparts. Its tail is long and narrow, and its bill is distinctly short and broad, perfect for catching insects. Both males and females look alike, though juveniles may appear slightly duller. This species is renowned for its active foraging behavior and distinctive, rapid trills, which help distinguish it from other flycatchers.

Habitat and Geographical Range

The Common Tody-Flycatcher inhabits a variety of environments, including forests, woodlands, and edges of agricultural areas. It is particularly common in lowland tropical forests and mangrove swamps.

his species is widespread across Central America and northern South America, ranging from southern Mexico to Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and as far south as Bolivia. It is often found in gardens and secondary growth areas, making it adaptable to disturbed habitats.

Common Misidentifications

The Common Tody-Flycatcher can be mistaken for other small flycatchers due to its size and insect-catching behavior. However, its distinct coloration and short, stubby bill set it apart from other similar species. It may occasionally be confused with the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris, or the Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher, Todirostrum nigriceps, but its characteristic yellow belly and olive-green back help distinguish it from these lookalikes.

Conservation Perspective

The Common Tody-Flycatcher is currently considered to be of Least Concern with a wide distribution and stable populations. It adapts well to human-altered landscapes and is not currently facing significant threats. However, habitat destruction and deforestation could pose future risks to local populations, especially in areas where natural habitats are rapidly declining. Conservation efforts that protect tropical forests will benefit this species and other tropical bird species.